Tez No	İndirme	Tez Künye	Durumu
12526		İznik'teki Bizans dönemi yapılarında tarihlendirme sorunları ve malzeme-teknik / Yazar:AVNİ KULUNYAR Danışman: PROF. DR. S. YILDIZ ÖTÜKEN Yer Bilgisi: Hacettepe Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / Arkeoloji ve Sanat Tarihi Ana Bilim Dalı Konu:Sanat Tarihi = Art History Dizin:Bizans mimarisi = Byzantine architecture ; Bursa-İznik = Bursa-İznik	Onaylandı Yüksek Lisans Türkçe 1990 141 s.
İznik as currently a subprefecture of the Province of Bursa has always been a town of significance throughout its long and rich history. With its remnants from practically all periods and civilisations, it retains a major archeological value. In the structures which we examined in Iznik were made of,stone and bricks. Some of the buildings were found to have been erected solely with bricks in th&s city where the use of brick is quite widespread. A part of the northern and southern walls constituting the first period of Haggia Sophia Church, the initial structure of Kolmesls Church and its later nartex as well as nave repairs plus the Church ^2 (Hag#io Triphonos) where the angular vestries were made of exclusively brick. Generally the haphazardly collected stones were employed in Iznik where the stonesmithry had not well- developed. They are predominantly cut marble, to which should be added also coarse conglomerates and agglomerates. The has never been used alone in Iznik buildings as the randomely gathered pieces were relegated to the foundations while the chipped and better-cut blocks were employed in the superstructures together with brick. The alternative layers of stone and brick were the preferred approach in these structures and constituted the mainstay of the architecture of this period. In addition to these, there are also purely brick buildings. In the alternation technique, the system most widely used is the use of 6ne layer of stones interlain by two rows of brick. The frame technique is another method used in the Bysantine buildings of Iznik, This is mainly the verticaliti vi «s! placement of vertical columns of brick between stone masonry and is used both in the Churth £ 1 and j* 2. The brick technique is in principle reserved for the crest corverage and vaults, while the exclusive use of bricks is not a rare phenomenon in some buildings. The concealed baulk technique was fonud in the main apsis of Hagia Sophia-Church in Iznik. The mortar used in the Byzantine buildings of Iznik is one made up of sand, slaked lime with gravel of varying sizes and some fragments of brick. It is in general white or grayish white in color. A second type of mortar has a light pinkish hue due to the slaked lime containing quantities of brock powder and brick fragments* The seam heihgts in Iznik buildings are generally between 3 and 4 cm although heights o2 2,5 cm were found in the Böcek Tabernacle and 7 to 8 cm in the early periods, of the Koimesis Church. Where the concealed baulk technique is applied, this distance rises to 9 and even 10 cm. Another characteristic noted in almost all Iznik buildings is the sloped baulk approach. The sometwhat slanted lay of the mortar between two bribks with, which the slope effect is obtained was used in the VIth Century structures. like the Böcek Tabernacle and, after a considerable span of time, in the Xlth and Xlllth Century edifices such as the Church £3. Finally, mention must be made of the patterns made by a hard rod on the seam surfaces of concealed baulk buildings. The Iznik Byzantine buildings of which the materials and techniques have for years been studied still maintain their importance and significance with their variegations and diversities. The author contends that the Iznik buildings, embodying practically all kinds of structures from the Byzantine period, constitute a noteworthy subject of research with a vast variety of architectural concepts.