 dynam dissoci ga dynam dissoci ga lucid introduct effect dissoci ga dynam problem view air flow bluff bodi speed 2 thermodynam equilibrium assum theori equilibrium transport properti larg departur equilibrium promis part 2 3 survei equilibrium statist thermodynam pure dissoci diatom ga model introduc ideal dissoci ga character three constant characterist temperatur densiti intern energi dissoci physic regard vibrat mode half excit low temperatur ratio specif heat approach 4 3 7 5 thermodynam properti ideal ga deriv obliqu shock wave relat deduc strong-shock approxim includ eleg relat princip curvatur bow shock subsequ vortic relat isentrop chang place streamlin shock appli problem typifi sphere fly high mach number newtonian impact theori empir modif dismiss lack theoret basi favor limit larg valu mach number densiti ratio shock suggest surfac pressur predict theori correspond separ flow shock wave surfac estim subsequ shape shock final approxim appli region stagnat streamlin fluid assum incompress rotat accord shock relat spheric shock correspond concentr spheric bodi surfac pressur 1 cent predict freeman's second approxim base newtonian-plu-centrifug solut 1 1956 